Metal mold gravity casting is a casting method in which liquid metal fills metal mold by gravity under normal pressure. It is also an ancient casting method. Because of the rapid cooling rate of metal liquid in metal mold, the casting is denser than sand mold, the process is simple, the production efficiency is high, the equipment investment is low, the production cost is low, and it is suitable for medium and small scale production. However, the inner quality of the aluminum wheel hub produced by this method is poor, and the shrinkage cavity and porosity are serious. In the pouring process, inclusions such as oxide film and slag are easily involved in the casting, and sometimes gas is involved to form the porosity defect. At the same time, the yield of metal liquid is also low. Most oems have now rejected the process for the production of wheels in the aluminum hub manufacturing industry has been gradually marginalized.

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Low pressure casting

Low pressure casting consists of placing the mold on top of an airtight furnace, with a tube (called a riser) beneath the mold through the liquid metal in the furnace. If pressure air is added to the metal surface in the furnace, the metal will flow into the cavity from the riser. After the metal solidifies, the compressed air in the furnace is released, and the unsolidified metal flows back into the furnace from the riser. By controlling the pressure and speed of the air flowing into the furnace, the speed and pressure of the metal flowing into the cavity can be controlled, and the metal can crystallize and solidify under the pressure. This process is characterized by casting crystallization under pressure, compact structure, good mechanical properties, high metal utilization.

Low pressure casting technology has been quite mature in mainland China, suitable for the production management of less people, has been recognized by all the manufacturers is the current mainstream process of aluminum alloy wheel manufacturing in mainland China, the products are mainly sold to OEM and overseas retail market.

The aluminum alloy wheel hub manufactured by low-pressure casting process, because the spokes are cooled and solidified at last, the spokes of some special shaped wheel hubs are prone to quality problems such as shrinkage and loosening, while the rims are stronger due to the earliest crystallization.

Extrusion casting

Squeeze casting is also known as liquid die forging is a new technology of integrating characteristics of casting and forging, the process is to a certain amount of liquid metal poured into the open metal mold directly, through the punch at a certain pressure on the liquid metal, make the filling, solidification and crystallization, and produce a certain amount of plastic deformation in the process of crystallization. The mold filling of extrusion casting is stable, without turbulence and uncoiling gas, the metal crystallizes and solidifies directly under pressure, so the casting will not produce porosity, shrinkage and porosity and other casting defects, and the structure is dense, the grain is refined, and the mechanical performance is higher than that of low-pressure casting. The products not only have excellent mechanical properties close to forgings, but also have high efficiency and high precision of precision forming, and the investment is much lower than that of low-pressure casting. The disadvantage is that liquid forging products and traditional forging products, the need for milling processing to complete the spokes modeling.

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